Nihilist philosophy, a school of thought that explores the void of meaning, importance, and purpose in life, critiques the very bases of human existence. Deriving from the Latin word "nihil," meaning "none," nihilism claims that life is devoid of intrinsic importance, and conventional moral and religious values are baseless. This viewpoint rose to
Utilitarianism, a consequentialist theory of ethics formulated by thinkers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, argues that the optimal action is the one that increases overall happiness or satisfaction. Central to this school of thought is the "Maximization of Happiness Principle," which asserts that behaviors are morally right if they increase ha
Utilitarianism, a outcome-based theory of ethics created by philosophers Bentham and John Stuart Mill, argues that the optimal decision is the one that increases overall well-being or pleasure. Fundamental to this philosophy is the "Maximization of Happiness Principle," which claims that behaviors are ethically correct if they increase happiness an
Stoic philosophy, an ancient Greek ideology established in the early 3rd century BC by Zeno of Cyprus, teaches the practice of self-discipline and resilience as a way to overcome negative emotions. The philosophy claims that virtue, the supreme good, is based on knowledge and that the enlightened live in harmony with the universal Reason that gover
Existentialist philosophy, a philosophy that developed in the 19th-20th century period, emphasizes individual autonomy, decision-making, and individual experience. At the heart of this school of thought is the idea that existence precedes essence, indicating that humans create their own significance and meaning through their choices. Existentialist